Absence of Violins: Unlike other Brandenburg concertos, which feature prominent violin parts, the Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 does not include any violins. Instead, it features a solo ensemble consisting of a flute, a solo violin, and a continuo section (harpsichord and bass).
Harpsichord as a Solo Instrument: This concerto is unique in the Brandenburg series for featuring the harpsichord as a solo instrument. The harpsichord, typically used for continuo accompaniment, takes on a more prominent role, engaging in dialogues and interplay with the other soloists.
Solo Cadenza for the Harpsichord: The concerto includes a virtuosic cadenza for the harpsichord in the first movement. This cadenza allows the harpsichordist to display their technical prowess and improvisational skills.
Concertino and Ripieno: The concerto alternates between concertino (the solo ensemble) and ripieno (the full orchestra) sections. However, the ripieno sections are smaller compared to other Brandenburg concertos, consisting only of a few instruments, such as violas, cellos, and continuo.
Key of D major: The Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 is composed in the key of D major, which was commonly associated with joyful and celebratory occasions during the Baroque era. The bright and lively character of the D major key contributes to the overall cheerful and vibrant nature of the concerto.
Overall, the Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 stands out from the rest of the series due to its absence of violins, the prominent role of the harpsichord as a solo instrument, the harpsichord cadenza, the smaller ripieno sections, and the key of D major. These unique features make this concerto a distinctive and captivating work within Johann Sebastian Bach's Brandenburg Concertos.