Were there always conductors in an orchestra?

Conductors have not always been present in orchestras. In the earlier days of Western classical music, orchestras were typically led by the first violinist or harpsichordist, who would set the tempo and provide cues for the other musicians. The role of conductor gradually emerged during the 18th century, with conductors initially emerging in France, Germany, and Austria, and later spreading to the rest of Europe and the world. By the 19th century, the position of conductor had become firmly established as the leader of an orchestra.