- Bachi: The bachi (plectrum) is scraped across the strings to create sound. The material of the bachi, its shape, and the way it is held can all affect the sound produced.
- Strings: The shamisen has three strings, and the tension of these strings can be adjusted to change the pitch of the sound. The strings are also made of different materials, such as silk, nylon, or metal, which can also affect the sound.
- Resonating body: The body of the shamisen acts as a resonator, amplifying and changing the sound produced by the strings. The shape and material of the body, such as wood, can affect the sound quality.
- Finger placement: The player's fingers can also be used to change the sound of the shamisen. By pressing on the strings at different points, the player can create different pitches and timbres.
- Techniques: Various techniques can be used to play the shamisen, including bowing, plucking, and strumming. These techniques can produce different sounds and effects.