1. Main melody strings: These are usually four in number and are plucked with a wire plectrum called a mizraab. The main melody strings are responsible for producing the primary melody of a sitar piece.
2. Sympathetic strings: These are also four in number and are tuned to specific pitches that resonate in harmony with the main melody strings. They are not directly plucked but vibrate sympathetically when the main melody strings are played, creating a rich and resonant sound.
3. Drone strings: These are four strings that are tuned to a fixed pitch and provide a continuous drone throughout a sitar performance. They are typically played with a light touch using the fingers of the left hand.
In addition to these 12 strings, some sitars may also have additional strings called "tarafs" or "chikaris," which are used for ornamentation and embellishment. These additional strings are usually thin and are located near the main melody strings.