1. Sound Production:
- Piano: The piano produces sound when hammers strike strings, causing them to vibrate. This vibration is amplified by a soundboard, resulting in a sustained and rich tone.
- Harpsichord: The harpsichord uses a plucking mechanism. When a key is pressed, a plectrum (or quill) plucks the strings, producing a short and delicate sound that decays quickly.
2. Volume Control:
- Piano: The piano has a dynamic range, meaning the player can control the volume and expressiveness of the sound by varying the force applied to the keys.
- Harpsichord: The harpsichord has a relatively limited dynamic range, and the volume of the sound is primarily determined by the plucking mechanism.
3. Sustain and Decay:
- Piano: The piano has a sustained sound due to the vibration of the strings and the resonance of the soundboard. The notes can be held for as long as the keys are depressed, and they gradually decay over time.
- Harpsichord: The harpsichord produces a non-sustaining sound. Once the key is released, the sound stops abruptly.
4. Action:
- Piano: The piano uses a mechanical action involving levers, hammers, and dampers. When a key is pressed, a complex series of movements transmits the energy to the hammers, which strike the strings.
- Harpsichord: The harpsichord has a simpler action mechanism. Pressing a key directly activates the plectrum to pluck the string.
5. Tonality:
- Piano: The piano has a wide range of tonal colors and expressiveness due to its dynamic range and sustaining capabilities. Different playing techniques and touch (staccato, legato, forte, piano) can greatly influence the sound.
- Harpsichord: The harpsichord has a distinctive, bright, and percussive tone. It emphasizes clarity, articulation, and ornamentation in Baroque and early classical music.
Overall, the piano is a more versatile and expressive instrument compared to the harpsichord due to its dynamic range, sustain, and wide range of tonal colors. However, the harpsichord has a unique and charming sound that is particularly suitable for certain periods of music and historical performance practices.