Flugelhorn:
- Is pitched in Bb
- Has a large, mellow sound
- Is often used in jazz and brass band music
- Has a wider bore and usually a single main tuning slide (as opposed to the double slides on a trumpet or cornet).
- Is usually made of brass.
Mellophone:
- Is pitched in F
- Has a sweeter, brighter sound
- Is often used in marching bands and orchestras
- Has a narrower bore and double tuning slides
- Typically has 3 valves (instead of the usual 4 on other brass instruments), though some models have a 4th valve.
- Is typically made of brass.