Tongueing: This is a technique where the player uses the tongue to interrupt the air stream directed into the flute. It creates distinct starts to each note, allowing for rapid articulation. This is commonly used for staccato notes.
Staccato: In staccato playing, the flutist produces short and detached notes, creating a crisp and separated articulation. Achieving this requires precise control of the air stream and tongueing.
Double Tonguing: This advanced technique involves using a combination of the tongue tip and the back of the tongue to articulate notes rapidly. It allows the player to produce incredibly fast passages by alternating between the two tonguing positions, each producing a staccato attack.
Flutter Tonguing: This technique is characterized by a rapid trilling or rolling of the tongue, producing a distinct "flapping" sound. It adds an embellishing effect and is often used in jazz and contemporary flute playing.
Lip Plate: Some modern flutes feature a lip plate designed with a specific embouchure hole or notch. Placing the lower lip over this hole can enhance articulation and improve tonguing technique.
Key Action and Mechanism: The flute's key action and mechanism play a crucial role in facilitating rapid articulation. Well-adjusted keys and mechanisms allow the player to execute intricate passages smoothly and precisely, contributing to the instrument's responsiveness and articulating capabilities.
By skillfully combining these techniques and refining their control over the instrument, flutists can achieve exceptional articulation, allowing them to execute fast and intricate musical passages with clarity and precision.