1. Flute: A high-pitched woodwind instrument with a cylindrical bore and a range of three octaves. It is played by blowing air across a hole in the side of the instrument.
2. Oboe: A double reed woodwind instrument with a conical bore and a range of two and a half octaves. It has a distinctive nasal tone and is often used for melodies and solos.
3. Clarinet: A single reed woodwind instrument with a cylindrical bore and a range of three and a half octaves. It is widely used in orchestral and band music, playing both melodic and supporting roles.
4. Bassoon: A double reed woodwind instrument with a conical bore and a range of three octaves. It is the lowest-pitched woodwind in the orchestra and often provides bass lines or rhythmic support.
5. Saxophone: A relatively new addition to the orchestra, the saxophone is a single reed instrument with a conical bore and a range of two and a half octaves. It is commonly used in jazz, but is also sometimes employed in orchestral works.
Other less commonly used woodwind instruments that may occasionally be found in an orchestra include the piccolo (a smaller version of the flute with a higher pitch), the English horn (a larger version of the oboe with a lower pitch), the E-flat clarinet (a lower-pitched clarinet), the bass clarinet (a larger and lower-pitched clarinet), and the contrabassoon (a larger and lower-pitched bassoon).