A traditional acoustic drum set can produce a wide range of sound pressure levels (SPLs), depending on the size and type of drums, the playing technique, and the environment in which the drums are played.
In general, a drum set played in a small room or studio can reach SPLs of 110-115 dB(A), which is comparable to the sound level of a loud rock concert or a busy street. In a larger space, such as an arena or stadium, the SPLs can be even higher, reaching 120-130 dB(A) or more.
For reference, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommends an exposure limit of 85 dB(A) for an 8-hour workday, and a maximum permissible exposure limit of 115 dB(A) for a short duration (15 minutes). Prolonged exposure to sound levels above 140 dB(A) can cause permanent hearing damage.
Therefore, it is important to take appropriate precautions when playing or listening to a drum set, such as using hearing protection and avoiding prolonged exposure to high sound levels.