In a longer instrument, sound waves have to travel a greater distance before they are reflected. This means that the frequency of the sound waves is lower, producing a lower pitch. Conversely, in a shorter instrument, sound waves have to travel a shorter distance before they are reflected. This means that the frequency of the sound waves is higher, producing a higher pitch.
This principle can be seen in a variety of instruments. For example, the longest strings on a guitar or bass produce the lowest notes, while the shortest strings produce the highest notes. This is consistent with the relationship between instrument length and sound pitch.
The difference in pitch between long and short instruments is also evident in wind instruments. In a longer wind instrument, such as a trombone or tuba, the air column travels a greater distance before it exits the instrument. This means that the frequency of the sound waves is lower, producing a lower pitch. In contrast, in a shorter wind instrument, such as a flute or clarinet, the air column travels a shorter distance before it exits the instrument. This means that the frequency of the sound waves is higher, producing a higher pitch.
By understanding the relationship between instrument length and sound pitch, musicians can control the pitch of the sound they produce. This allows them to play music with a wide range of pitches, from high to low.