1. Dynamic structure: The 5th symphony's dynamic structure features strong contrasts between loud and soft passages, which was unusual for classical music.
2. Development Section: The development section in the first movement expands on the themes introduced in the exposition and features dramatic and unexpected modulations and sequences.
3. Use of woodwinds and brass: Beethoven made significant use of woodwinds and brass in addition to the strings, exploring and exploiting their tonal colors.
4. Motifs and Themes: The symphony features prominent motifs and recurring themes that evolve and undergo transformation throughout the piece, creating a sense of unity and coherence.
5. Emotional Expression: The music of the 5th symphony conveys strong emotional expressions and intensity, which became central to the Romantic era's focus on emotional expression.
6. Dramatic Use of Silence: Beethoven included sections of silence and abrupt interruptions, adding dramatic tension and suspense to the music.
Influence on the move from Classical to Romantic:
1. Dynamic Structure: The 5th symphony's emphasis on dynamic contrasts influenced Romantic composers to use dynamics as an expressive tool to convey emotions.
2. Expanded Forms: The extensive development sections and modulations in Beethoven's symphony expanded on the musical forms of the Classical era and opened possibilities for more complex structures in Romantic music.
3. Exploration of Tonality: Beethoven's use of distant and unusual keys within the movements led to a more adventurous approach to tonality, which became a hallmark of Romantic composers.
4. Emotional Expression: The emotionally charged music in Beethoven's 5th symphony set the stage for the Romantic era's focus on individual feelings and emotions.
5. Orchestration: The richer and more varied orchestration, using a wider range of instruments, opened new doors for composers to explore different instrumental colors.
6. Dramatic Silences: Beethoven's use of silence introduced an additional expressive dimension, which Romantic composers employed to achieve contrast and surprise.
Overall, Beethoven's 5th symphony pushed the boundaries of Classical musical forms and laid the groundwork for the transformation into the Romantic era. It paved the way for increased emotional expression, more adventurous explorations of tonality, dynamic variation, and expanded orchestral textures that became characteristic features of Romantic music.