1. Range: The cello has a much lower pitch range compared to the violin. The strings of a cello are tuned to C, G, D, and A, while those of a violin are tuned to G, D, A, and E. This gives the cello a warmer and deeper tone than the violin, making it suitable for playing lower melodies and harmonies.
2. Timbre: The sound produced by a violin and cello is different due to their physical characteristics. The cello has a richer and more resonant tone because of its larger body and thicker strings. The violin's tone, on the other hand, is brighter and more piercing.
3. Playing technique: The way the instruments are played is different. The violin is played by holding it between the shoulder and chin, with the bow drawn across the strings. The cello, on the other hand, is played while seated, with the instrument resting between the legs. The player uses a larger and heavier bow, and the strings are bowed with an underhand motion.
4. Music: The two instruments are often used in different types of music. The violin is commonly used in classical music, folk music, and jazz, while the cello is more prevalent in classical music, chamber music, and orchestral works.
5. Size: As mentioned, the cello is significantly larger than the violin. The average full-size violin is about 60 centimeters long, while a full-size cello can measure up to 125 centimeters.
In summary, apart from size, the violin and cello differ in terms of their range, timbre, playing technique, typical use in various musical genres, and overall sound qualities.