String Instruments:
1. Violin: High-pitched, four-stringed instrument played with a bow.
2. Viola: Larger and lower in pitch than the violin, also played with a bow.
3. Cello (Violoncello): Larger still, played while sitting with the instrument between the legs.
4. Double Bass: Largest and lowest-pitched string instrument, played standing up.
Woodwind Instruments:
1. Flute: High-pitched, held horizontally and played by blowing across an embouchure hole.
2. Oboe: Double-reed instrument with a distinctive tone, often used for solos.
3. Clarinet: Single-reed instrument with a wide range and various keys.
4. Bassoon: Double-reed instrument with a low, rich sound.
Brass Instruments:
1. Trumpet: Bright and piercing, commonly used for fanfares and melodies.
2. Trombone: Slide instrument capable of smooth, legato playing.
3. French Horn: Coiled tubing with a mellow, warm tone.
4. Tuba: Largest and lowest-pitched brass instrument, provides bass support.
Percussion Instruments:
- Timpani (Kettledrums): Tunable drums played with mallets.
- Snare Drum: High-pitched drum with snares producing a crisp, sharp sound.
- Bass Drum: Large, low-pitched drum played with a beater.
- Cymbals: Metallic discs clashed together for accents and punctuation.
- Triangle: Triangular metal bar struck with a metal beater.
Keyboard Instruments:
- Piano: Multi-octave instrument used for accompaniments and solo performances.
Additional Instruments:
Orchestras may occasionally incorporate other instruments such as the harp, celeste, or accordion for specific compositions or sound effects.