Extreme cold can affect the playability and tuning of instruments. The cold can make the metal parts of the instrument contract and become brittle, making them more susceptible to cracking or breaking. Wooden instruments can also be affected by extreme cold, as the wood may shrink and warp, affecting the instrument's intonation and overall sound.
On the other hand, extreme heat can also cause damage to instruments. High temperatures can cause the glue holding the instrument together to weaken or melt, leading to structural damage. The heat can also affect the finish of the instrument, causing it to crack or peel. Additionally, high temperatures can cause the strings of stringed instruments to lose tension and become slack, making it difficult to play in tune.
Therefore, it is generally recommended to play musical instruments outdoors within a moderate temperature range to ensure the best playing experience and to minimize the risk of damage to the instrument.