1. Forte (f) - Loud.
2. Piano (p) - Soft.
3. Crescendo (cresc.) - Gradually increasing in volume.
4. Diminuendo (dim.) - Gradually decreasing in volume.
5. Staccato - Short, detached notes.
6. Legato - Smooth, connected notes.
7. Trill - Rapid alternation of two adjacent notes.
8. Glissando - Sliding from one note to another.
9. Syncopation - Shifting the accent to an unexpected beat.
10. Fermata - Hold or pause on a note.