1. Jazz: Jazz emerged as the most influential and notable genre of the Harlem Renaissance. It originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans and eventually found its home in Harlem. Jazz musicians like Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong, Bessie Smith, and Billie Holiday achieved national and international fame, making the music style the defining sound of the period.
2. Blues: Blues music played a significant role in the Harlem Renaissance. Blues artists such as Ma Rainey, Blind Lemon Jefferson, and Lead Belly expressed the struggles and joys of African-American communities through their music, often in a poignant and melancholy style.
3. Spirituals and Gospel Music: African-American spirituals and gospel music had a profound influence on the music scene during the Harlem Renaissance. These genres drew upon religious traditions and often featured call-and-response singing and soulful, uplifting melodies. Renowned performers of spirituals and gospel music included Roland Hayes, Florence Price, and Mahalia Jackson.
4. Ragtime: Ragtime was a musical genre popularized in the late 19th century and remained a significant influence during the Harlem Renaissance. It featured syncopated rhythms and a unique combination of African and European musical traditions. Pianists such as Scott Joplin and James P. Johnson were known for their ragtime compositions.
5. Big Band Swing: Toward the end of the Harlem Renaissance, big band swing music began to gain popularity. Swing was characterized by lively, dance-oriented melodies and featured prominent bands such as the Count Basie Orchestra, Duke Ellington's Orchestra, and Fletcher Henderson's Orchestra.
6. Cabaret and Vaudeville: Cabaret and vaudeville were popular forms of entertainment during the Harlem Renaissance. These venues showcased a wide range of acts, including jazz musicians, blues singers, comedians, dancers, and performers of other genres.
The Harlem Renaissance was a time of great creativity and innovation in music, as African-American artists showcased their talents and contributed significantly to the cultural fabric of the United States and beyond.