Melodic contours can be classified into several basic shapes:
1. Ascending Contour: The melody moves predominantly from lower to higher pitches, creating a sense of rising tension or excitement.
2. Descending Contour: The melody moves from higher to lower pitches, often conveying a sense of relaxation, resolution, or calmness.
3. Stepwise Contour: The melody moves in small, consistent intervals (steps), either ascending or descending. This creates a smooth, flowing melodic line.
4. Curvilinear Contour: The melody moves in a curved shape, with gradual rises and falls in pitch, often creating a sense of expressiveness or lyricism.
5. Undulating Contour: The melody alternates between rising and falling pitches in a wave-like pattern, creating a sense of instability or uncertainty.
6. Arched Contour: The melody rises to a peak and then descends symmetrically, creating a sense of balance and resolution.
7. Terraced Contour: The melody moves in distinct, level segments, creating a sense of stability or simplicity.
8. Repeated Contour: The melody repeats a specific pitch or melodic phrase multiple times, creating a sense of emphasis or repetition.
The melodic contour of a piece of music is closely tied to its emotional expression and musical meaning. For example, an ascending contour might create a sense of anticipation or urgency, while a descending contour might convey a feeling of relaxation or resolution. Composers and musicians use melodic contours deliberately to shape the emotional impact of their compositions.
Analyzing melodic contours is an important aspect of music theory and composition, allowing musicians and listeners to understand and appreciate the nuances and expressive qualities of melodies in different musical styles.