* Dynamics refer to the volume of sound. Composers can use dynamics to create a sense of tension and release, to highlight important moments, or to create a sense of atmosphere.
* Timbre refers to the quality of sound. Different instruments and voices have different timbres, and composers can use this to create different effects. For example, a bright, high-pitched timbre can be used to create a sense of excitement, while a dark, low-pitched timbre can be used to create a sense of mystery.
* Texture refers to the way in which the different elements of music are combined. Composers can use texture to create a sense of depth and space, to highlight certain instruments or voices, or to create a sense of movement.
By carefully controlling these elements, composers can create music that is both expressive and engaging.