Adagio: A slow and graceful tempo, often used for expressive or lyrical movements.
Allegro: A fast and lively tempo, often used for upbeat or energetic sections.
Andante: A moderate tempo, between allegro and adagio.
Aria: A solo vocal piece, typically accompanied by an orchestra, featuring lyrical and melodic lines.
Crescendo: A gradual increase in volume or intensity of a musical passage.
Decrescendo: A gradual decrease in volume or intensity of a musical passage.
Dynamics: The variations in volume and intensity in a musical piece, such as forte (loud), piano (soft), and mezzo forte (moderately loud).
Fermata: A symbol indicating that a note or chord is to be held longer than its usual duration.
Glissando: A sliding or gliding motion between two notes or chords.
Harmonic Minor Scale: A minor scale with raised 7th degree, resulting in a more "melodic" sound.
Legato: A smooth and connected manner of playing notes, without noticeable gaps between them.
Maestoso: A majestic and dignified tempo, often used for ceremonial or grandiose pieces.
Moderato: A moderate tempo, between allegro and andante.
Opus: A term used to identify a composer's work, typically a composition, followed by a number indicating its sequence in their body of work.
Pitch: The highness or lowness of a sound, determined by the frequency of vibrations.
Rallentando: A gradual slowing down of tempo.
Rhythm: The pattern of beats and accents in music.
Sforzando: A sudden and forceful accent on a note or chord.
Staccato: A detached and separated manner of playing notes, with distinct gaps between them.
Tempo: The pace or speed at which a musical piece is played.
Timbre: The unique quality or "color" of a sound, resulting from the overtone content and resonance of the instrument or voice producing it.
Trill: A rapid alternation between two adjacent notes.