* The communal theory proposes that folk songs are created collectively by a group of people, rather than by a single individual. This theory is based on the idea that folk songs are often passed down orally from generation to generation, and that they change over time as they are sung by different people.
* The individual theory proposes that folk songs are created by individual artists, who may or may not be known by name. This theory is based on the idea that folk songs often reflect the personal experiences and observations of the people who create them.
* The elite theory proposes that folk songs are created by members of the upper classes, and that they are then adopted by the lower classes. This theory is based on the idea that folk songs often contain elements of high culture, such as classical music and literature.
* The convergence theory proposes that folk songs are created through a process of convergence, in which different songs and musical traditions come together to form new songs. This theory is based on the idea that folk songs are often influenced by a variety of sources, including other folk songs, popular music, and classical music.
It is likely that all of these theories play a role in the development of folk songs. Folk songs are a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, and there is no single theory that can fully explain their origins and development.