Firstly, it's important to consider the age and developmental stage of the pupils. Younger pupils are more likely to be distracted by the music and find it difficult to focus on their work. Older pupils, however, may be able to use music as a tool to focus and concentrate.
Secondly, the type of music being listened to must also be considered. Some genres of music, such as classical or instrumental, may be more conducive to learning than others, such as rock or pop music. Music with lyrics may be especially distracting, as pupils may find themselves paying more attention to the words than to their work.
Thirdly, the volume of the music must be taken into account. If the music is too loud, it will likely be disruptive and prevent pupils from being able to concentrate. On the other hand, if the music is too soft, it may not be audible enough to have any impact on the pupils' learning.
Finally, it's important to consider the individual preferences of the pupils. Some pupils may find music to be a distraction, while others may find it helpful. If possible, it's best to give pupils the option to choose whether or not they want to listen to music during class.
In conclusion, there is no one-size-fits-all answer to the question of whether or not pupils should be allowed to listen to music in class. The decision should be made on a case-by-case basis, taking into account factors such as the age of the pupils, the type of music being listened to, the volume of the music, and the individual preferences of the pupils.