1. Pitch: Corresponds to the frequency of sound waves
Pitch is the highness or lowness of a sound. The higher the frequency of the sound wave, the higher the pitch. The lower the frequency of the sound wave, the lower the pitch. Pitch is measured in hertz (Hz).
2. Loudness: Corresponds to the amplitude of sound waves
Loudness is the intensity or strength of the sound. The greater the amplitude of the sound wave, the louder the sound. The smaller the amplitude of the sound wave, the softer the sound. Loudness is measured in decibels (dB).
3. Timbre: Corresponds to the waveform of sound waves
Timbre is the quality or character of a sound that distinguishes it from other sounds. Timbre is determined by the overtones or harmonics present in the sound wave. The overtones or harmonics are the higher frequencies that are present in addition to the fundamental frequency. Timbre is what gives a sound its unique identity.
4. Duration: Corresponds to the length of time a sound wave lasts
Duration is the length of time a sound lasts. Duration can be measured in seconds. Duration is also referred to as rhythm or tempo.