Does music affect the human heartbeat?

Yes, music can affect the human heartbeat. This phenomenon is known as entrainment, where an external rhythm synchronizes with an internal rhythm. Music with a slow tempo can slow down the heart rate, while music with a fast tempo can accelerate it. Additionally, certain musical elements such as rhythm, melody, and harmony can evoke emotional responses that influence the autonomic nervous system, which regulates the heartbeat. For instance, calming music can stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system, leading to a slower heart rate, while exciting music can activate the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in a faster heart rate. Music therapy often utilizes these effects to improve physical and mental well-being.