- Line-of-sight: Microwave signals require a clear line of sight between the transmitting and receiving antennas. Buildings, trees, and other obstacles can block the signal, making it unreliable in certain environments.
- Range: Microwave radio waves have a limited range, typically covering a few miles or kilometers. This makes it unsuitable for long-distance data transmission without using repeater stations or other techniques.
- Susceptibility to interference: Microwave radio signals are susceptible to interference from various sources, including electrical noise, weather conditions, and other radio devices operating on the same frequency. This interference can lead to data errors and reduced reliability.
- Penetration: Microwave signals have difficulty penetrating solid objects such as walls and concrete. This makes them unsuitable for indoor use and can be a challenge in urban environments with multiple buildings and structures.
- Licensing and Regulation: Microwave radio communication requires licensing and regulation by government agencies to manage and control the use of the spectrum. This can involve complex regulatory processes and additional costs.