While the books don't explicitly name the specific location, many clues point to England:
* Magical institutions: Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry is located in the Scottish Highlands, and the Ministry of Magic is in London.
* Cultural references: The stories are full of English cultural references, like the mention of things like "quidditch", "the Queen", "cricket", and "tea".
* Author's background: J.K. Rowling, the author, is British.
While the story does mention other countries like France, the overall setting is undoubtedly Britain.