The low angle shot is set up very close to the ground, looking up at a subject. This angle makes the subject appear taller and more imposing. Use this to create a feeling of power over the viewer.
A high angle shot is usually shot above a subject, making him appear smaller in stature. Use this angle to create a feeling of power over the subject.
Also known as a wide shot, a long shot (LS) is one which shows the subject in its entirety and uses the full frame (when the subject is a person). A long shot can also refer to a wide viewing angle of an entire scene that allows the viewer to see subjects in relation to their environments.
When the subject is a person, a medium shot (MS) is generally one in which the frame captures the subject from the waist up. This allows for a bit more detail to be shown in the frame.
A Close Up (CU) shot includes the tops of a person's shoulders and the entire head. Only a part of the subject fills the entire frame, which provides a large amount of detail. Use this shot when you want to convey heavy emotion.
A modification of the close up, an Extreme Close Up (ECU) goes deeper into the subject's personal space to show a particular feature or detail.
A Dutch Tilt or Dutch Angle shot is one in which the horizon of the frame is tilted at an extreme angle so as to be off horizontal. This serves to cause unease or disorientation.
The Two shot is simply a shot of two similar subjects shown in the same frame at the same time. For example, two people in the frame at the same time is a two shot.
An Over-The-Shoulder shot (OTS) is one in which the camera literally looks at the subject over the shoulder of a person. This conveys relative positioning between two subjects.
The Point of View Shot (POV) takes the perspective of the subject to show what they are seeing.