How does miller visually introduce the motif of enclosed versus open spaces in Death a Salesman?

In Arthur Miller's play "Death of Salesman," the motif of enclosed versus open spaces is interwoven with the characters' psychological states and their social environments. Miller visually incorporates this motif through various aspects of the set design and staging.

1. Willy's House: Willy Loman's house serves as a central enclosed space. It represents the physical confinement of Willy's life and the illusion of security he clings to. The house is described as small and cramped, with claustrophobic interiors. The small backyard, enclosed by a fence, further emphasizes the sense of limitation.

2. Willy's Workplace: Willy's workplace is another enclosed space. The office building where he works is depicted as constricting and devoid of natural light. This reflects Willy's diminishing opportunities and his internal struggles as he grapples with the harsh realities of his life.

3. The Open Road: In contrast to the enclosed spaces, Miller also incorporates open spaces that symbolize freedom, escape, and potential. One recurring image is the open road, frequently mentioned as a place where success can be found. Willy's brother Ben, who achieved financial success, is associated with the open road, representing the contrasting paths taken by the two brothers.

4. The Jungle: The jungle, another recurring image in the play, is symbolic of the harsh and unpredictable world outside of the enclosed spaces. It represents the challenges and dangers that Willy and other characters face in pursuit of their dreams.

5. The Restaurant Scene: The restaurant scene in Act Two is set in a public, open space. However, the conversation between Willy and his sons takes place at a narrow kitchen table, visually indicating the emotional distance and lack of communication that separate the characters.

6. The Cemetery: The final scene takes place in a cemetery, which is traditionally an open space but symbolizes confinement in the context of the play. The characters gather around Willy's grave, and the backdrop is a bare tree, evoking the absence of life and the limitations that death imposes.

By employing this visual motif of enclosed versus open spaces, Miller provides insights into the characters' inner struggles, their social constraints, and the contrast between their hopes and harsh reality they confront.