Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): AMD is a progressive eye disease that affects the central part of the retina, called the macula. It is the leading cause of blindness in older adults.
Diabetic retinopathy: Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the blood vessels in the retina. It can lead to blindness if left untreated.
Glaucoma: Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, which carries visual information from the eye to the brain. It is a leading cause of irreversible blindness.
Cataracts: Cataracts are a clouding of the lens of the eye, which can lead to blurred vision and eventually blindness if left untreated.
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP): RP is a genetic condition that affects the retina, causing a loss of peripheral vision and eventually leading to blindness.
Accidents or trauma: Eye injuries from accidents, sports, or violence can cause damage to the eye and potentially lead to blindness.
Toxins and chemicals: Exposure to certain toxins or chemicals, such as methanol or industrial solvents, can damage the optic nerve and cause blindness.
Nutritional deficiencies: Severe deficiencies of certain vitamins, especially vitamin A, can lead to night blindness and, in extreme cases, blindness.
Certain infections and diseases: Infections such as measles, rubella, and sexually transmitted infections can cause blindness, especially in severe or untreated cases. Some systemic diseases, such as autoimmune conditions or tumors, can also affect the eyes and lead to blindness.
It's important to note that early detection and treatment can help prevent or slow the progression of many causes of blindness. Regular eye exams and prompt medical attention for any eye problems or changes in vision are crucial in maintaining eye health and preserving sight.