* Metaphor: A comparison between two unlike things, without using the words "like" or "as." For example, "The sky was an ocean of blue."
* Personification: Giving human qualities to an animal, object, or idea. For example, "The wind whispered through the trees."
* Hyperbole: An exaggeration. For example, "I was so hungry, I could eat a horse."
* Understatement: An expression that deliberately seems less strong than the situation. For example, "I had a bit of a headache."
* Euphemism: A mild or indirect expression, usually used to avoid offending someone. For example, "He passed away" instead of "He died."
* Allusion: A reference to a well-known person, place, thing, or event. For example, "Our school was an ivory tower of learning."
* Synecdoche: Using a part to represent the whole. For example, "All hands on deck!"
* Metonymy: Using a name or attribute associated with something to represent the thing itself. For example, "The White House" for the President of the United States.
* Oxymoron: A combination of seemingly contradictory words. For example, "bittersweet."