The idea behind the Veil of Ignorance is that decision-makers should not have access to information about their own identities, social and economic status, and other such contextual details that could influence their choices. By removing this information, the focus shifts from narrow personal interests to broader considerations of what is fair, just, and beneficial for society as a whole.
John Rawls, a political and moral philosopher, introduced the concept of the Veil of Ignorance in his book "A Theory of Justice." According to Rawls, rational and impartial decision-makers in such a position – behind the Veil of Ignorance – would choose principles of justice and fairness that apply equally to all individuals.
The Veil of Ignorance is not meant to obliterate personal experiences and values. Rather, it encourages decision-makers to prioritize universal values and think beyond individual circumstances to ensure that policies uphold basic principles of justice, equality, and equal opportunities.
The use of the Veil of Ignorance is relevant to various fields, such as public policy, law, economics, and social planning, where equitable and fair outcomes are sought. However, it is crucial to note that practical application can be complex, as some level of personal information may be necessary for practical policy implementation. Nevertheless, the Veil of Ignorance serves as a thought experiment that can help guide decision-making processes towards creating more just and inclusive societies.