The term "jitterbug" was used to describe the seemingly jerky and erratic movements. The moves are said to resemble a person who has "the jitters."
The music that accompanies the jitterbug dance is called "jive" or sometimes "jump." Jive follows a 4/4 time signature and uses a syncopated rhythm.
The jitterbug is often done in pairs, with the partners facing one another, and focuses on a six-step progression. The basic moves are back, step, forward, touch, step and touch. The male dancer normally leads with his left foot.
Once the basic moves have been mastered, more theatrical moves can be used. The pairs often dance side by side instead of face to face, or alternate between the two positions. Dancers can perform spins and lifts; in addition, the man can swing the woman around his waist or between his legs.
The jitterbug and other swing varieties have grown in popularity. Bands such as "The Cherry Poppin' Daddies" and other rockabilly and ska bands have fueled interest. Swing dance lessons are provided in many clubs.
Filming of the 1939 classic "The Wizard of Oz" included an elaborate dance number that featured and referenced the jitterbug. The scene was to take place just before the flying monkeys captured Dorothy. It was cut, however, out of fear that dance was too light-hearted for the scene, and of concern that the jitterbug was a fad and would date the film.