Barzani was born in Mahabad, Iran, to Mustafa Barzani, a prominent Kurdish leader and founder of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP). He grew up in a political environment and became involved in Kurdish nationalist activities from a young age. In 1975, he succeeded his father as the leader of the KDP.
Under Barzani's leadership, the KDP played a key role in the Kurdish struggle for autonomy and self-determination in Iraq. He led the KDP in the Kurdish uprising against the Iraqi government in 1991, which resulted in the establishment of the autonomous Kurdistan Region.
In 2005, Barzani was elected as the second president of the Kurdistan Region, succeeding his uncle, Jalal Talabani. He was re-elected in 2009 and 2013. During his tenure as president, Barzani focused on developing the Kurdistan Region and improving its relations with neighboring countries. He also advocated for greater autonomy for the Kurdistan Region and the recognition of Kurdish political rights.
Barzani's presidency was marked by both successes and challenges. The Kurdistan Region experienced significant economic growth and infrastructural development under his leadership. However, he also faced criticism for his authoritarian tendencies, suppression of political opposition, and alleged corruption.
In 2017, Barzani held a referendum on independence for the Kurdistan Region, which was not recognized by the Iraqi government. This led to a crisis and military conflict with the Iraqi government, resulting in the loss of control over several disputed territories. Barzani subsequently resigned as president and was succeeded by his close associate, Nechirvan Barzani.
Masoud Barzani remains an influential figure in Kurdish politics, known for his strong personality, political acumen, and commitment to the Kurdish cause. His legacy and impact on Kurdish politics and the development of the Kurdistan Region continue to be a subject of debate and analysis.