To conjugate an -ar verb, drop the -ar ending and add the appropriate ending according to the subject.
| Subject | Ending | Example |
|---|---|---|
| yo | -o | hablo |
| tú | -as | hablas |
| Ud., él, ella | -a | habla |
| nosotros, -as | -amos | hablamos |
| vosotros, -as | -áis | habláis |
| Uds., ellos, ellas | -an | hablan |
Er and -ir verbs
To conjugate an -er or -ir verb, drop the -er or -ir ending and add the appropriate ending according to the subject.
| Subject | -Er ending | -Ir ending | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| yo | -o | -o | bebo |
| tú | -es | -es | bebes |
| Ud., él, ella | -e | -e | bebe |
| nosotros, -as | -emos | -imos | bebemos |
| vosotros, -as | -éis | -ís | bebéis |
| Uds., ellos, ellas | -en | -en | beben |
Stem-changing verbs
Some Spanish verbs change their stem vowel when they are conjugated. The most common stem-changing verbs are -ar verbs that change their stem vowel from e to ie, o to ue, or i to ie.
| Stem-changing verb | Stem | Subject | Ending | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| empezar | e-ie | yo | -o | empiezo |
| volver | o-ue | tú | -es | vuelves |
| pedir | i-ie | Ud., él, ella | -e | pide |
Irregular verbs
Some Spanish verbs are irregular, which means they don't follow the standard conjugation patterns. The most common irregular verbs are ser (to be), estar (to be), tener (to have), and ir (to go).
| Irregular verb | Subject | Ending | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| ser | yo | soy | soy |
| estar | tú | estás | estás |
| tener | Ud., él, ella | tiene | tiene |
| ir | nosotros, -as | vamos | vamos |