Moshing is a dangerous activity. Some people use the opportunity to punch, kick, scratch and otherwise intentionally harm other moshers and bystanders. The intense pushing and shoving of even relatively safe moshing can result in falling or crushing. While fatalities from moshing are low --- less than one per year --- they do happen. Keep yourself safer by choosing pits that have fewer than 20 participants. Also, avoid pits with obviously drunk participants. If anyone in the mosh pit looks angry and ready for trouble, stay away from the pit. A mosh pit can become dangerous in a matter of seconds. The likelihood of that happening is higher if the pit is big and people are angry or drunk.
Moshing and slam-dancing involves head-banging, which can result in soreness, whiplash and brain injuries. Keep the discomfort and potential brain damage to a minimum by keeping the head-banging light or by avoiding it altogether. Drink plenty of water when moshing so you do not become dehydrated. Furthermore, avoid ingesting alcohol, as it will dehydrate you more and give you a hangover. You will already be hoarse and sore from yelling and moshing.
Do not take the pushing and shoving going on in a mosh pit personally. If you get angry, you might start a fight and people do not typically go to concerts alone. You could wind up in an unfair fight. Mosh fairly by covering the whole mosh pit. Do not focus on one person, as this will give the idea that you are trying to start a fight. Avoid people who look as if they may have had too many drinks or drugs. The motion, music and intoxicants in their systems may make them sick. You do not want them to be sick on you.
Choose what you wear to go moshing in carefully --- for other people's safety and your own comfort. Choose light, breathable clothing. You will be hot and sweaty. Do not wear your favorite T-shirt, as it is likely to rip. Female moshers should wear one extra tank top under their outerwear to avoid indecent exposure, should their clothing rip. All moshers should avoid spiked bracelets, metal rings, any kind of necklace and heavy belt buckles.