Were four movements characteristic in romantic composition?

Yes, four movements were often characteristic of romantic compositions. Composers during the Romantic period commonly created multi-movement works such as symphonies and sonatas. These works typically consisted of four distinct movements, each portraying a different mood, tempo, and form.

The typical four-movement structure, especially popular in the Romantic symphonies, includes:

1. First movement: Allegro, often in sonata-allegro form. This movement is typically grand, dynamic, and sets the primary tone for the entire work.

2. Second movement: Adagio or Andante, often in a slow and lyrical style. This movement provides contrast by showcasing expressive melodies, emotional intensity, and a serene atmosphere.

3. Third movement: Scherzo or Minuet, usually with a lively and contrasting character. Scherzos are often characterized by playfulness and rhythmic energy, while minuets have a more graceful and courtly feel.

4. Fourth movement: Finale, frequently in a fast tempo and upbeat mood. This concluding movement often brings the composition to a vigorous and triumphant close, sometimes recapitulating themes from previous movements.

While the four-movement structure was common during the Romantic period, composers also explored variations and alternatives. Some romantic compositions might have more or fewer movements, exhibit other formal structures like sonata-rondo, or incorporate additional sections such as slow introductions, programmatic sections, or interpolated movements.