- The early 20th century saw a renewed interest in classical Indian dance forms, such as Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kuchipudi, and Odissi.
- Dancers like Rukmini Devi Arundale, Uday Shankar, and Shanti Bardhan played crucial roles in reviving and popularizing these art forms.
2. Fusion and Experimentation:
- Dancers began experimenting with fusion dance, combining elements from different classical forms or incorporating Western dance techniques.
- Uday Shankar's fusion of Indian classical dance with Western ballet and modern dance was groundbreaking.
3. Cinematic Influence:
- The rise of the Indian film industry, particularly Bollywood, had a significant impact on dance forms.
- Many film songs and dances became popular, influencing popular culture and dance trends.
4. Emergence of Bollywood Dance:
- Bollywood dance emerged as a distinct genre, showcasing a mix of classical Indian dance, folk dance, and contemporary styles.
- Choreographers like Saroj Khan, Vaibhavi Merchant, and Farah Khan shaped the Bollywood dance scene.
5. Kathakali and Mohiniyattam Revival:
- Kathakali, a traditional dance-drama form from Kerala, experienced a revival during the 20th century.
- Mohiniyattam, the classical dance form from Kerala, also gained prominence, popularized by dancers like Kalamandalam Kalyanikutty Amma.
6. Folk and Tribal Dance Renaissance:
- There was a renewed appreciation for folk and tribal dance forms, highlighting their cultural significance.
- Folk dance festivals and performances became common, showcasing diverse regional dance styles.
7. Contemporary Dance:
- Contemporary dance emerged as a new form of expression, blending elements from various dance genres and incorporating innovative choreography.
- Choreographers like Chandralekha, Astad Deboo, and Navtej Johar pioneered contemporary dance in India.
8. Globalization and Cross-Cultural Exchange:
- Indian dance gained global recognition, leading to cross-cultural collaborations and performances by Indian dancers abroad.
- Dancers like Astad Deboo, Alarmel Valli, and Aditi Mangaldas showcased Indian dance on international stages.
9. Institutional Support:
- The establishment of dance academies, institutes, and universities provided formal training and education in dance.
- These institutions helped preserve and transmit classical dance knowledge to future generations.
10. Dance Therapy and Fitness:
- Dance began to be explored for therapeutic purposes and as a form of physical fitness.
- Yoga, a traditional Indian practice, became popular worldwide for its mind-body benefits, incorporating dance-like movements.
These changes reflect the evolution and dynamism of Indian dance in the 20th century, embracing both tradition and innovation while maintaining a deep connection to India's rich cultural heritage.