Here are the languages that Shakespeare likely had some exposure to:
1. Latin: During Shakespeare's time, Latin was commonly taught as a second language in English schools and universities, especially grammar schools. Shakespeare most likely had some basic understanding of Latin, as it was considered an essential language for an educated person. He often incorporated Latin phrases, idioms, and allusions in his plays, showing a familiarity with the language.
2. French: It is believed that Shakespeare had some knowledge of French, as it was a widely spoken language among the upper classes in Elizabethan England and often featured in cultural exchanges and diplomatic relations. However, the extent of his French proficiency is unclear. Some scholars suggest that Shakespeare may have had some exposure to French phrases or conversations at court or in social settings, but there is no evidence that he was fluent in the language.
3. Italian: There are some indications that Shakespeare may have been familiar with the Italian language, as it was gaining popularity in England during the Renaissance period. Italian culture, art, and literature were highly regarded, and some English playwrights and writers drew inspiration from Italian sources. However, it is not certain to what extent Shakespeare understood Italian or if he could read or write in the language.
Beyond these three languages, there is no substantial evidence to suggest that Shakespeare had proficiency in any other languages. It is widely believed that he primarily worked in English, drawing upon the richness of the English language to create his literary masterpieces.
It is worth noting that Shakespeare's extensive knowledge and mastery of the English language remain his most significant contribution to literature. He skillfully commanded the range and nuances of English vocabulary, syntax, and poetic devices, shaping the development and evolution of the language as we know it today.