1. Modeling: The instructor demonstrates the task while verbalizing their thoughts, plans, and problem-solving strategies step-by-step. This provides a model for students to observe and imitate.
2. Verbal Self-Instruction: Students begin working on the task while verbalizing their own thoughts and actions out loud. This helps them develop inner speech and become conscious of their cognitive processes.
3. Silent Self-Instruction: As students become more proficient, they gradually shift from overt verbalization to silent self-talk. They continue to use inner speech to guide their thinking and strategies.
4. Fading Self-Instruction: As students develop mastery of the task, they reduce the frequency of their self-instructions. They rely more on automatic and efficient self-regulation without the need for constant explicit instructions.
5. Generalization: The skills and strategies learned for one task are applied to other settings and problem-solving situations. Students learn to generalize their self-instruction abilities to diverse contexts.
By following these steps, students develop the metacognitive awareness and self-regulatory skills necessary for independent learning and effective problem-solving.