Formal Titles:
* Empress: This is a general term for the wife or widow of an Emperor. It is often used in historical contexts.
* Empress Consort: This term specifically refers to the wife of an Emperor.
* Empress Dowager: This title is given to the widow of an Emperor, especially if she holds political power or influence.
* Empress Regnant: This title is given to a female ruler who holds the position of Emperor.
* Empress Mother: This is a title used in some cultures to refer to the mother of the Emperor.
Specific Titles:
* Tsarina (Russia): The title for the wife of the Tsar (Emperor) in Russia.
* Huang Hou (China): The title for the Empress Consort in China.
* Kōgō (Japan): The title for the Empress Consort in Japan.
* Maharani (India): The title for the Empress Consort in some Indian empires.
The specific title used will depend on the culture, historical period, and the specific role of the Empress within the society.