1. Use of Vernacular English: Prior to Chaucer, much of the literature in England was written in Latin, French, or Anglo-Norman, which were languages spoken mostly by the upper class. Chaucer, however, chose to write in vernacular English, making his works accessible to a broader audience and promoting the use of English as a literary language.
2. Chaucerian Stanza: Chaucer introduced and popularized the "Chaucerian stanza," also known as the "rhyme royal" stanza, which consists of seven iambic pentameter lines rhyming ABABBCC. This stanza became a standard form in English poetry for several centuries and was used by poets such as John Milton and William Wordsworth.
3. The Canterbury Tales: Chaucer's most famous work, "The Canterbury Tales," is a masterpiece of narrative poetry and consists of a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their journey to Canterbury. "The Canterbury Tales" showcases Chaucer's literary genius, his wit, and his keen observation of human nature and social classes, all of which contributed to the development of English literature.
4. Literary Techniques: Chaucer employed a variety of literary techniques, including satire, allegory, and dramatic monologue, to create vivid and memorable characters, explore complex themes, and offer social and political commentary. These techniques greatly influenced later poets and writers.
5. Modernization of Vocabulary and Grammar: Chaucer helped standardize and modernize English vocabulary and grammar, paving the way for the emergence of modern English. His works played a crucial role in shaping the language and its literary possibilities.
6. Cultural and Historical Significance: Chaucer lived through a period of great change and social transformation in England. His writings captured and reflected the social and cultural milieu of his time, making them important historical documents as well as literary masterpieces.
7. Widely Revered and Influential: Chaucer's reputation and influence continued to grow after his death. His works were widely admired, studied, and emulated by subsequent generations of poets and writers, not just in England but across Europe.
In summary, Geoffrey Chaucer's innovative use of vernacular English, his introduction of new poetic forms, his exploration of diverse themes, and his overall contribution to the development and advancement of English literature are all reasons why he is rightly regarded as the "father of modern English poetry."