1. Verse Form: This refers to the pattern of lines, stanzas, and meter (rhythmic pattern) used in the poem. Common verse forms include free verse, blank verse, sonnets, haiku, and various rhyme schemes.
2. Figurative Language: This includes the use of literary devices such as metaphors, similes, personification, alliteration, assonance, and imagery to create vivid sensory experiences and enhance the poem's meaning.
3. Voice and Tone: The voice of a poem refers to the speaker or narrator's perspective and point of view. The tone, on the other hand, conveys the poet's attitude and emotional stance toward the subject matter, ranging from serious and reflective to humorous or satirical.
4. Syntax: The arrangement and structure of words and phrases within the poem contribute to the poem's style by creating emphasis, rhythm, and flow.
5. Imagery and Symbolism: The use of descriptive language to evoke sensory experiences and the employment of symbols to convey deeper meanings are key elements in shaping a poem's style.
6. Sound and Rhythm: The manipulation of sound devices, such as alliteration, assonance, consonance, and onomatopoeia, creates musicality and rhythm in the poem.
7. Theme and Symbolism: The central idea or message of the poem, as well as the use of symbolic elements to represent abstract concepts, contribute to the poem's overall style.
8. Narrative Structure: In narrative poetry, the poet's choice of plot, characters, setting, and point of view influences the style of the poem.
9. Irony and Allusion: The use of irony, where the intended meaning differs from the literal expression, and allusions to other literary works or cultural references can add depth and complexity to the poem's style.
10. Enjambment: This is the continuation of a sentence or phrase from one line to the next without a pause, creating a sense of flow and cohesion.
11. Line Breaks and Stanzas: The deliberate placement of line breaks and the arrangement of stanzas impact the poem's structure and visual appearance, influencing its overall style.
12. Diction: The choice of words, their connotation, and their placement within the poem contribute to the poem's style and its impact on the reader.
In essence, the style of a poem encompasses the unique combination of these elements and techniques employed by the poet to create a cohesive and effective work of art.