* Concrete poems are typically composed of individual words or phrases that are arranged in a way that creates a visual image or pattern. The words themselves may not have any literal meaning, but their placement and arrangement create a visual experience for the reader. For example, a concrete poem might use the shape of a heart to create a visual representation of love, or it might use the arrangement of words to create a sense of movement.
* Calligrams are a type of visual poetry that uses the shape and arrangement of words to create a visual representation of the poem's subject. The words themselves are often literal and meaningful, and the way they are arranged helps to create the poem's overall meaning. For example, a calligram might use the shape of a bird to create a visual representation of a poem about flight, or it might use the arrangement of words to create a sense of rhythm or movement.
Here are some examples of concrete poems and calligrams:
Concrete poems:
* Guillaume Apollinaire's "Il pleut" (1918)
* E. E. Cummings' "l(a" (1925)
* John Cage's "4'33"" (1952)
Calligrams:
* George Herbert's "Easter Wings" (1633)
* Guillaume Apollinaire's "Le pont Mirabeau" (1913)
* Richard Wilbur's "The House" (1956)
Concrete poetry and calligrams are both creative and experimental forms of poetry that offer a unique way for poets to express themselves. By using the visual arrangement of words to create meaning and imagery, these forms of poetry engage the reader in a multisensory experience.