What is the theme of poem?

The main theme of the poem "Invictus" by William Ernest Henley is the idea of maintaining fortitude and resilience in the face of adversity and challenges. The speaker of the poem declares that he is the "master of my fate" and the "captain of my soul," despite the harsh circumstances he may face. Throughout the poem, he emphasizes the importance of staying strong and unyielding, even when the odds seem stacked against him. The key themes explored in the poem are:

1. Resilience and Strength: Henley emphasizes the inner strength and resilience of the human spirit. The speaker asserts that no matter how difficult life might be, he will stand tall and unafraid, refusing to be defeated by his circumstances.

2. Individual Control: The speaker emphasizes the idea that each person is responsible for their own destiny and should take control of their lives. He asserts that he is the "master of my fate" and the "captain of my soul," suggesting that one has the ability to shape their own life.

3. Defiance Against Fate: Henley explores the idea of defying the whims of fate and circumstance. The speaker refuses to submit to any hardship, no matter how great, and declares that he will remain strong and unbroken in the face of any challenge.

4. Hope and Optimism: Despite the tone of melancholy and hardship in the poem, there is an undercurrent of hope and optimism. The speaker expresses a belief in the power of the human spirit to overcome any obstacle and emerge victorious.