Who wrote negro spirituals?

The origins of Negro Spirituals are rooted in the African American experience during slavery in the United States. While the authorship of specific Spirituals is often difficult to determine due to the oral tradition in which they were passed down, it is generally acknowledged that they were collectively created and shaped by enslaved African American communities. Spirituals served as a means of cultural expression, emotional release, and spiritual sustenance, often conveying themes of faith, hope, and perseverance in the face of adversity. Therefore, it is not possible to attribute authorship in the traditional sense to a single person or group for these collective creations of the enslaved African American communities.