1. Alliteration: Repetition of the same initial consonant sound in a series of words.
a. "Old men and babes in arms"
b. "He sings his tune on the echoing green"
2. Assonance: Repetition of vowel sounds within a word or phrase.
a. "the plain beneath the city's dome"
b. "A simple child, that lightly draws its breath"
3. Metaphor: A direct comparison of two unlike things without using the words "like" or "as."
a. "The city's dome"
b. "The echoing green"
4. Personification: Giving human-like qualities to an animal, object, or idea.
a. "The plain beneath the city's dome"
b. "A simple child, that lightly draws its breath"
5. Enjambment: Running a sentence over multiple lines without a pause.
a. He sings his tune on the echoing green.
A simple child, that lightly draws its breath,
b. And feels its life in every limb, what these
Are that must suffer death.
These figures of speech add to the poem's musicality and imagery, creating a vivid and memorable description of the scene.