* Exploration of the Hudson River: In 1609, sailing for the Dutch East India Company, Hudson discovered and explored the river that now bears his name. He sailed up the river for over 150 miles, establishing a crucial trade route for the Dutch and claiming the land for the Netherlands.
* First European to reach the Hudson Bay: In 1610, on an expedition for the Muscovy Company, Hudson sailed north through the strait that now carries his name and entered the vast Hudson Bay, reaching its western shore. This marked the first European exploration of the bay.
* Discovery of the Arctic Ocean: Though unsuccessful in finding a Northwest Passage, Hudson's explorations helped to map the Arctic coast of North America. He was the first European to sail into the Arctic Ocean from the Atlantic.
* Contribution to European knowledge of North America: Hudson's voyages provided valuable information about the geography, climate, and indigenous populations of North America. His maps and journals helped to shape European understanding of the New World.
However, it's important to note that Hudson's legacy is also marked by tragedy. He and his crew were stranded in the Arctic after their ship became trapped in ice. The crew eventually mutinied, abandoning Hudson and his loyal supporters in a small boat to die.
While Hudson's achievements as an explorer are significant, his actions and the fate of his crew raise complex ethical questions. He is remembered as a pioneering figure in North American exploration, but also as a subject of historical debate.