Romero is the author or editor of over 800 scientific articles and 22 books, including:
- *Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies* (with Gary D. Hankins)
- *Preterm Labor and Preeclampsia: Two Leading Causes of Preterm Birth* (with Catherine Y. Spong)
- *Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Principles and Practice* (with Gary D. Hankins and Judith S. Perlmutter)
- *The Prenatal Diagnosis of Genetic Disorders* (with Charles J. Lockwood and Kenneth H. Moise Jr.)
- *Fetal Medicine* (with Gary D. Hankins and Judith S. Perlmutter)
- *Preeclampsia: The Leading Cause of Maternal Mortality in the United States* (with Gary D. Hankins)
- *High-Risk Pregnancy* (with Gary D. Hankins)
- *Cesarean Section: A Clinical Update* (with Gary D. Hankins)
- *Preconception Care* (with Gary D. Hankins)
- *Twin Pregnancy* (with Gary D. Hankins)
Romero is also the recipient of several awards, including:
- The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) Lifetime Achievement Award
- The American Medical Association (AMA) Distinguished Physician Award
- The Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) Distinguished Career Award
- The Perinatal Research Society (PRS) Lifetime Achievement Award
- The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Senior Scientist Award
- The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Director's Award
- The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Outstanding Investigator Award
- The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Director's Award
- The Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers