* The Islamic Left
* The Quest for an Islamic Democracy: A History of Modern Iran
* The Islamic Middle East: An Anthology
* Islam and Revolution
* The Origins and Evolution of the Iranian Revolution
* In the Shadow of Islam: The Bildungsroman of a Muslim Intellectual
Articles:
* "In Search of a Revolutionary Left" (1982)
* "Islam and the Prospects for Democracy in Iran" (1990)
* "The Iranian Left and the Islamic Revolution" (1991)
* "The Islamic Revolution and the Future of Iran" (1992)
* "The Politics of Islam in Iran" (1993)
* "The Islamic Left in Iran: A Critical Perspective" (1994)
* "The Islamic Republic of Iran: A Case Study in Political Islam" (1995)
* "The Iranian Revolution Revisited: A Critical Perspective" (1996)
* "The Iranian Left and the Future of Iran" (1997)
* "The Islamic Revolution and the Cultural Revolution in Iran" (1998)
Book chapters:
* "The Islamic Revolution in Iran" in _The Cambridge History of Iran_, edited by Peter Jackson and Laurence Lockhart (1986)
* "The Islamic Left in Iran" in _The Iranian Revolution and the Islamic Republic_, edited by Hamid Algar (1989)
* "Islam and the Left in Iran" in _Islam and Socialism_, edited by Hamid Algar (1992)
* "The Islamic Revolution and the Future of Iran" in _The Future of Iran_, edited by R.K. Ramazani (1993)
* "The Politics of Islam in Iran" in _The Politics of Islam_, edited by John Esposito (1994)
* "The Islamic Left in Iran: A Critical Perspective" in _The Islamic Left_, edited by Ali Rahnema (1995)
* "The Islamic Republic of Iran: A Case Study in Political Islam" in _Political Islam_, edited by John Esposito (1995)
* "The Iranian Revolution Revisited: A Critical Perspective" in _The Iranian Revolution_, edited by Abbas Milani (1996)
* "The Iranian Left and the Future of Iran" in _Iran at the Crossroads_, edited by Fereydoun Hoveyda (1997)
* "The Islamic Revolution and the Cultural Revolution in Iran" in _The Cultural Revolution in Iran_, edited by Mehdi Abedi and Gary Legenhausen (1998)