* Misogyny: The play also contains elements of misogyny. Portia, the wealthy heiress, is forced to choose a husband based on a lottery. She is also denied the right to speak in court and must disguise herself as a man in order to defend Antonio.
* Classism: The play also explores themes of classism. The upper-class characters, such as Antonio and Bassanio, are contrasted with the lower-class characters, such as Shylock and Gratiano. The upper-class characters are often portrayed as being more noble and virtuous than the lower-class characters.