1. Property is a product of society, not nature: Rousseau argued that in the "state of nature," before the formation of society, there was no concept of private property. The land belonged to everyone and was used collectively. Property rights, according to Rousseau, were created by humans as a consequence of society, not as a natural right.
2. Property creates inequality and social conflict: Rousseau believed that private property leads to inequality and social conflict. He argued that when people start to own land and possessions, they become jealous and envious of others, leading to competition and strife. This competition, he believed, undermines the social fabric and leads to division and unrest.
3. The right to property is conditional: Rousseau didn't entirely reject the idea of property. He acknowledged that some form of private property might be necessary for society to function. However, he argued that the right to property should be conditional and limited. The state, he believed, should have the power to regulate property ownership to ensure that it doesn't lead to excessive inequality or exploitation.
4. Property can be justified by labor: While Rousseau criticized the unequal distribution of property, he also acknowledged the role of labor in justifying property rights. He believed that individuals have a right to the fruits of their labor, but only as long as their labor doesn't deprive others of their needs or create significant inequalities.
5. The social contract should ensure property rights: Rousseau argued that the social contract should establish clear rules and regulations regarding property ownership to ensure fairness and prevent abuse. He believed that the state should play a role in mediating property disputes and protecting the rights of all citizens, regardless of their wealth or social status.
In summary:
Rousseau saw property as a complex and potentially problematic institution. He believed that it was a social construct that created inequality and conflict but acknowledged its potential benefits. He argued for a system of property ownership that was fair, limited, and regulated by the state to prevent abuse and ensure the wellbeing of all citizens.
It's important to note that Rousseau's views on property have been interpreted in different ways by scholars. Some emphasize his critique of inequality and argue that he was essentially anti-property, while others focus on his acceptance of property as a necessary condition for social order.